.....and chemistry born! (Part 5)

           

               It was the time of the revolution of chemistry & now chemistry is growing older & older. At the beginning of the 19th century, the chemistry was divided between those who followed the atomic theory & those who didn't. Well before the dispute had been settled, many had already applied the concept of atomism to chemistry. Svante Arrhenius gave ion theory which anticipated ideas about atomic substructure that didn't fully develop until the 20th century. 

                Atomic theory, stoichiometry, table of atomic weights (where oxygen used as a standard), the classical system of chemical symbols & notation, radical theory of chemical combination, development in the field of electrolysis, the discovery of metal like sodium & potassium (first metal that isolated by electrolysis discovered by Davy in 1807), the invention of the Davy lamp, a modern grouping of biomolecules, synthesis of urea, the discovery of functional group & radicals, contributions to agriculture & biological chemistry, work on organic chemistry, the discovery of nitrogen as an essential plant nutrient, the concept of absolute zero, advancing the field of stereochemistry, spectrophotometry, development of first modern periodic table, development of modern technology of refrigeration, chemical kinetics, the discovery of argon, the concept of radioactivity these all are 19th centurys' things many scientist & philosophers in the 19th-century work on chemistry & developed it for common people.

            Up to the end of the 19th century, many people was familiar with chemistry, the journey of chemistry was going towards development, in the 20th-century chemistry became an advanced invention of chromatography, explanation of Brownian motion, oil drop experiment, the concept of pH, X-ray crystallography, quantum mechanics, the concept of isotopes, mass spectroscopy, valence bond theory, the concept of Lewis acids & bases. molecular biology & biochemistry, the structure of DNA, computational chemistry, discovery of fullerenes all these things took place in the 20th century & helped chemistry to grown-up.

          Since the beginning of its modernization at the end of the 18th century, chemistry has been continuously & rapidly developing. As the beginning of the 21st century approached, chemistry had much success in greatly enlarging its scope. The role of weak interactions was recognized, & the new prospect of supramolecular chemistry opened up. On the other hand, chemistry has a major responsibility to sustain the environment of the earth & must find ways for humans & nature to coexist indefinitely, that is, in modern terminology, to achieve sustainable societies. There is much that chemistry & all chemists should.

                       THANK YOU!