.....and chemistry born! (Part 4)

            

             

            This period ended with the book THE NATURE OF THINGS( DE RERUM NATURA) written by Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius (50 BCE) & Pliny the Elder described the early development of purification methods in his book Naturalis Historia. People thought that these suits ended & they are much familiar with chemistry, but it made chemistry more complicated; philosophers & scientists became more curious about chemistry. 

             It was a medieval period. People were familiar with chemistry, but they don't know more about it. There was a Persian-Arab alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan who developed a primary elemental system. This system depended on four basic elements earth, water, fire & air in addition to two philosophical elements sulfur & mercury. The concept of tria prima was given by Swiss alchemist Paracelsus it depended on Sulfur (flammability/combustion), mercury (volatility & stability) & salt (solidity) these three metallic principles. Jabir ibn Hayyan was known as the father of chemistry (begging of the 9th century). Chemistry was developed during this period. Many scientists/philosophers work for it. 

         It was the 16th-18th century, now chemistry had grown old. Georg Agricola (1494-1555, 16th century)  De re Metallica this work was published in 1556 after his death; in which he had described the highly developed & complex processes of mining metal ores, metal ores, metal extraction & metallurgy of that time. Georg Agricola is known as the father of metallurgy. Anglo-Irish chemist Robert Boyle (1627-1691) refined the modern scientific method for alchemy & separated chemistry further from alchemy. He is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist (Founder of modern chemistry). He wrote the book The Sceptical Chymist in 1961.

    Phlogiston theory, metal, non-metal, impurities, mineralogy (Cronstedt founder of mineralogy), isolation of carbon dioxide (fixed air), investigation of the arsenic compound, the discovery of cacodyl oxide (first synthetic organometallic compound), latent heat, thermochemistry, isolation of hydrogen (inflammable air), the discovery of oxygen (fire air), the invention of soda water, the discovery of acid, the discovery of animal electricity, electric current, the discovery of electrodes & electrolytes, construction of electrical batter, beginning of electrochemistry, the law of conservation of mass, use of ice calorimeter, kinetic theory of gases, chemical nomenclature, first modern chemistry textbook 'Elementary Treatise of chemistry written by Lavoisier in 1798, use of calorimeter, radical theory, the discovery of diamond; these all things were part of 16th to 18th centuries. It was the time of to revolution of chemistry & now chemistry is growing older & older.

 To be continued......

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